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	<title>Software Associates. &#187; Oracle</title>
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		<title>ניהול אבטחת מידע בענן – על תבונה ורגישות</title>
		<link>http://www.software.co.il/2011/02/%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%94%d7%95%d7%9c-%d7%90%d7%91%d7%98%d7%97%d7%aa-%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93%d7%a2-%d7%91%d7%a2%d7%a0%d7%9f-%e2%80%93-%d7%a2%d7%9c-%d7%aa%d7%91%d7%95%d7%a0%d7%94-%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%92%d7%99%d7%a9/</link>
		<comments>http://www.software.co.il/2011/02/%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%94%d7%95%d7%9c-%d7%90%d7%91%d7%98%d7%97%d7%aa-%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93%d7%a2-%d7%91%d7%a2%d7%a0%d7%9f-%e2%80%93-%d7%a2%d7%9c-%d7%aa%d7%91%d7%95%d7%a0%d7%94-%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%92%d7%99%d7%a9/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Feb 2011 13:31:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Danny Lieberman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Data leakage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Information security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cloud computing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cloud security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[couchdb]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[data governance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Data loss]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Microsoft]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MySQL]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oracle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Postgresql]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Risk and strategy]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[ניהול אבטחת מידע בענן – על תבונה ורגישות ,ממשל נתונים הוא דרישה הכרחית להגנה על נתונים כשעוברים למחשוב בענן. קביעת מדיניות ממשל נתונים היא בעלת חשיבות מיוחדת במודל העבודה של מחשוב ענן שמבוסס על אספקת שירותים בתשלום ליחידת צריכה, בניגוד למודל המסורתי של מערכות מידע המבוסס על התקנה, שילוב מערכות ותפעול מוצרים. יחד עם ההיצע ...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><!-- 		@page { margin: 0.79in } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } --> <!-- 		@page { margin: 0.79in } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } --> <!-- 		@page { margin: 0.79in } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } --></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">ניהול אבטחת מידע ב</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">ענן – על תבונה ורגישות</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">,ממשל נתונים הוא דרישה הכרחית</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">להגנה על נתונים כשעוברים למחשוב בענן</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">קביעת מדיניות ממשל נתונים היא בעלת חשיבות מיוחדת במודל העבודה של מחשוב ענן שמבוסס על אספקת שירותים בתשלום ליחידת צריכה</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">,</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">בניגוד למודל המסורתי של מערכות מידע המבוסס על התקנה</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">שילוב מערכות ותפעול מוצרים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">יחד עם ההיצע הגדל של פתרונות מחשוב ענן  זולים ובעלי ביצועים גבוהים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">ישנו צורך חיוני לארגונים לנסח ולהסדיר את מדיניות ממשל הנתונים שלהם</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">ממשל נתונים פירושו הגדרת הבעלות על הנתונים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">השליטה בגישה לנתונים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">עד כמה ניתן לעקוב אחר הנתונים וציות לרגולציות</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">כמו למשל נתוני חולים </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">הגנה על מידע רפואי אישי כפי שמוגדרת בתקנות של משרד הבריאות האמריקאי</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">).</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">כדי לבנות אסטרטגיית ממשל נתונים יעילה לענן</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">יש לענות על עשר השאלות הבאות – תוך חיפוש האיזון המתאים בין הגיון פשוט לדרישות אבטחת הנתונים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">:</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">1. </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">מהם הנתונים היקרים ביותר בארגון</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">? </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">כמה כסף הם שווים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">?</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">2. </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">כיצד מאוחסנים נתונים אלה – שרתי קבצים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">שרתי מסד נתונים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">מערכות ניהול מסמכים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">?</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">3. </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">כיצד יש לנהל ולאבטח את הנתונים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">?</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">4. </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">למי צריכה להיות גישה לנתונים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">?</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">5. </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">למי <em>בפועל</em> יש גישה לנתונים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">?</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">6. </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">מתי הייתה הפעם האחרונה שנבחנה מדיניות אבטחת המידע </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">/ </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">הצפנה</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">?</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">7. </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">מה המתכנתים בארגון יודעים על אבטחת מידע בענן</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">?</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">8. </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">למי יש אפשרות לשנות או לטפל בנתונים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">? (</span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">כולל שותפים עסקיים וקבלנים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">)</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">9. </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">במקרה של דליפה למקור בלתי מוסמך</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">מהו הנזק הכלכלי שיגרם לארגון</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">?</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">10. </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">במקרה של פריצה</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">תוך כמה זמן יאותר אירוע אובדן הנתונים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">?</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">בהקשר של ממשל נתונים בענן</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">,</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">רבים שואלים </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">מה <em><strong>סוג</strong></em> הנתונים שיש לשמור בתשתית </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">IT </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">מקומית</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">?&#8221;.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">התשובה המוכנה והמובנת מאליה היא שמידע רגיש צריך להישמר באחסון מקומי</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">למרות זאת</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">יתכן ועדיף לאחסן דווקא מידע רגיש מחוץ לכותלי המשרדים במקום לספק גישה מקומית לעובדים וקבלנים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">השימוש בשירותי תשתית מחשוב בענן לאחסון נתונים רגישים יכול למעשה <em><strong>להקטין</strong></em> את מרחב האיומים לאיומים במקום להגדיל אותו</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">ולהעניק לארגון <em><strong>יותר</strong></em> שליטה על ידי מרכוז וסטדנדרטיזציה של אחסון נתונים כחלק מאסטרטגיית ממשל נתונים מקיף</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">בנוסף </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">- </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">ניתן לשאת ולתתבחוזה מסחריעל הרכב אמצעי שליטה יעילים במסגרת חוזה מסחרי עם ספקי שירותי מחשוב ענן</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">מה שלא ניתן לעשות בקלות מול עובדים בארגון</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">השאלה השנייה שחוזרת על עצמה לגבי אסטרטגיית ממשל נתונים בענן היא </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">כיצד ניתן להגן על נתונים <em><strong>בלתי מובנים</strong></em> מפני פריצות</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">?&#8221;.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">באופן ברור</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">התשובה תלויה בארגון עצמו ומערכות הוכנה שלו</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">למרות שאנליסטים כמו גרטנר טוענים שיותר מ</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">- 80% </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">ממידע הארגוני מאוחסן בקבצים  כמו מיקרוסופט אופיס</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">הנתון הזה תלוי באופן טבעי בתחום העיסוק של הארגון</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">ספקי שרות אוגרים מרבית המידע שלהם במסדי נתוניםת ולא בקבצי אקסל</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">אם בכלל</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">מרחב האיומים על מסדי נתונים גדל הרבה יותר מהר מהגידול הטבעי בקבצי אופיס</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">ספקי שירותים בתחום הטלקום והסלולר מחזיקים כמויות עצומות של מידע במסדיי נתונים מובנים </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">רשומות שיחה</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">רשומות שירותים ללקוח וכו</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">&#8216;). </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">ככל שסמארטפונים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">אנדרואיד</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">מחשבי לוח והתקני מחשוב ניידים</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">יהיו נפוצים יותר</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">כך יגדל חלקם של הנתונים המובנים בספקי השירות למיניהם בענן</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">בתחום הבריאות</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">בעידן שכל הרשומות רפואיות אלקטרוניות</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">גדל עוד יותר כמות המידע הרגיש במסדי נתונים כגון אוראקל</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">נוסף על כך</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">השימוש בטכנולוגיית מאגרי מידע ג</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">&#8221;</span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">סון</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">המתחברת ישירות ליישומי אינטרנט </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">נמצא בשימוש רחב בפייסבוק</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">)</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">גדל במהירות עצומה</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">שימו לב במיוחד לקאוצ</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">&#8216; </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">דיבי שיש מעל עשרה מיליון התקנות לאחר פחות משנתיים בשטח</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">! </span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';">מאגרי כאלה כאלה עלולים להיות חשופים להתקפות חדירה מסורתיות שמנצלות נקודות תורפה בזמן בנייה והרצת שאילתות</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em>לסיכום</em></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, </span></em></span><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans';"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em>כשניגשים לבנות אסטרטגיית ממשל נתונים לענן יש להתחשב בכל הנקודות שהוצגו כאן ולהתחיל על ידי מענה לעשר שאלות המפתח לאבטחת נתונים במחשוב ענן</em></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></em></span></p>
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			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.software.co.il/2011/02/%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%94%d7%95%d7%9c-%d7%90%d7%91%d7%98%d7%97%d7%aa-%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93%d7%a2-%d7%91%d7%a2%d7%a0%d7%9f-%e2%80%93-%d7%a2%d7%9c-%d7%aa%d7%91%d7%95%d7%a0%d7%94-%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%92%d7%99%d7%a9/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Secure collaboration, agile collaboration</title>
		<link>http://www.software.co.il/2010/04/secure-collaboration-agile-collaboration/</link>
		<comments>http://www.software.co.il/2010/04/secure-collaboration-agile-collaboration/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Apr 2010 06:26:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Danny Lieberman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Data leakage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Open Source]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Privacy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cloud computing]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.software.co.il/wordpress/?p=2337</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[One of the biggest challenges in global multi-center clinical trials (after enrollment of patients) is collaboration between multi-center clinical trial teams: CRAs, investigators, regulatory, marketing, manufacturing, market research, data managers, statisticians and site administrators. In a complex global environment, pharma do not have control of computer platforms that local sites use &#8211; yet there is ...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>One of the biggest challenges in global multi-center clinical trials (after enrollment of patients) is collaboration between multi-center clinical trial teams: CRAs, investigators, regulatory, marketing, manufacturing, market research, data managers, statisticians and site administrators.</p>
<p>In a complex global environment, pharma do not have control of computer platforms that local sites use &#8211; yet there is an expectation that file and information sharing should be easy yet there are three areas where current systems break down:</p>
<p>1. People forget what files had been shared and with whom they have been shared</p>
<p>2. People have difficulty sharing files with colleagues in a way that is accessible to everyone &#8211; firewalls, VPNs, enterprise content management, DRM, corporate data security policy, end point security, file size &#8211; these are all daunting challenges when all you want to do is share a file with a colleague in Berlin when you are working in a hospital in Washington.</p>
<p>3. Notifications &#8211; how do you know when new information has been added or updated? Not having timely notifications on updates can be a big source of frustration resulting in team members pinging other members over and over again with emails.</p>
<p>Over the past 10 years a generation of complex enterprise content management software systems have grown up &#8211; they are bloated, expensive, difficult to implement, not available to the entire multi-center team and in many cases written by English speaking software vendors who cannot conceive that there are people in the world who feel more comfortable communicating in their native tongue of French, German, Hebrew or Finnish!</p>
<p>We are developing (currently in beta with a Tier 1 bio-pharma in EMEA)  a Web-based, agile collaboration system with a light-weight, easy to use, simple architecture, that saves time and reduces IT and travel costs – and literally gets everyone on the same page.</p>
<p>The system resolves the 3 breakdowns above while recording all user activities in a detailed audit trail in order to meet internal control and FDA regulatory requirements.</p>
<p>The system also provides significant cost benefits in addition to improving information collaboration:</p>
<p>•	Reduces travel costs: Using online events, integrated media and file sharing and discussions, the clinical trial team and investigators can conduct program reviews, education activities and special events.</p>
<p>•	Eliminates proprietary IT: No proprietary software or hardware and no IT integration. No extra investments in information technologies, CRM, sales force integration and data mining.</p>
<p>If this interests you &#8211; drop me a line!</p>
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		<title>Postgresql 8.4 or MySQL</title>
		<link>http://www.software.co.il/2009/04/postgresql-84-or-mysql/</link>
		<comments>http://www.software.co.il/2009/04/postgresql-84-or-mysql/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2009 12:53:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Danny Lieberman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Data leakage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Information security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Open Source]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Technology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MySQL]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oracle]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.software.co.il/wordpress/?p=1277</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[MySQL now belongs to Oracle &#8211; Oracle&#8217;s track record on keeping acquisitions alive is mixed. If you want a real database that is extremely Oracle compliant (PLpgSQL is very close to PL/SQL) look no further than then harder (more secure), better, faster Postgresql 8.4 the world&#8217;s most advanced Open Source database.   Using the new ...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>MySQL now belongs to Oracle &#8211; Oracle&#8217;s track record on keeping acquisitions alive is mixed. If you want a real database that is extremely Oracle compliant (PLpgSQL is very close to PL/SQL) look no further than then harder (more secure), better, faster <a title="Postgresql" href="http://www.postgresql.org/" target="_blank">Postgresql 8.4</a> the world&#8217;s most advanced Open Source database.   Using the new cloud computing functionality in Ubuntu 9.04 and pretty soon we&#8217;re talking very high performance and very accessible databases.</p>
<p>So &#8211; now is the time to switch to a real database.</p>
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		<title>Why do people commit crimes?</title>
		<link>http://www.software.co.il/2009/02/irm-or-dlp-why-do-people-commit-crimes/</link>
		<comments>http://www.software.co.il/2009/02/irm-or-dlp-why-do-people-commit-crimes/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Feb 2009 11:27:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Danny Lieberman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Anti-Fraud]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Compliance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Data leakage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Information security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Internal security]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Risk Assessment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Risk mitigation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Threat modeling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[McAfee]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oracle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Verdasys]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.software.co.il/wordpress/?p=1050</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The president of a prospect was recently discussing with us whether Oracle IRM (information rights management)  was a good way of preventing data loss, and a viable alternative to a DLP (data loss prevention) system. Rights management would appear at first blush to be orthogonal to data loss prevention but it&#8217;s an interesting question that ...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The president of a prospect was recently discussing with us whether Oracle IRM (information rights management)  was a good way of preventing data loss, and a viable alternative to a DLP (data loss prevention) system. Rights management would appear at first blush to be orthogonal to data loss prevention but it&#8217;s an interesting question that got me thinking.</p>
<p>The answer lies in understanding the fundamentals of crime.</p>
<p>Like any other crime, a trusted insider needs a  combination of means, opportunity, and intent.<br />
<span id="more-3646"></span><br />
<strong>Means</strong> is giving insiders legitimate user accounts with the rights to access certain applications, databases and file services. Insiders have knowledge of how the system works, the business processes, the company culture and how people interact. They know who manages the rights management systems and grants systems permissions. With the right knowledge and social connections, means can be obtained even if they were not originally granted by design.</p>
<p>An example is a recent fraud event at French bank by a trader who had worked in the past in the bank&#8217;s audit group.  He knew what trades would raise red flags, and what would not &#8211; and as a result could fly under the radar. Another example is a director of new technologies who had thousands of confidential product design and business development documents that<br />
were not protected by the Oracle IRM system the company used &#8211; simply because they were not part of the manufacturing process yet. Both people had the <strong>means</strong> and later went on to abuse their privileges &#8211; one with fraudulent trades and the other with data theft.</p>
<p>The second piece is <strong>opportunity.</strong> With access to systems and their data, daily interaction with the applications and other users, an insider has the opportunity to exploit people and system vulnerabilities and steal data or modify data for personal gain.</p>
<p>The third element is <strong>intent.</strong> Intent is tricky.  You may be ok today but tomorrow, after getting fired, you may be tempted to do something stupid and steal some company IP.  Perhaps an employee is short of cash, needing to make payments on a house. A bribe from a competitor can look mighty inviting and not so wrong when it comes from a person we believe to be a friend operating in our best interests. In my experience, most data loss events are intentional. True, there are events where an employee sends a confidential agreement to a competing vendor by mistake &#8211; these are well publicized, but the real damage is generally low and employees are usually forgiven for their mistakes especially when the company culture rewards risk-taking.</p>
<p>DLP products are becoming very capable, with agent based products from Verdasys covering an exceptionally wide range of channels from removable devices to web applications and network DLP products like Fidelis Security XPS that cover a wide range network channels with powerful content interception and classification tools that offer high precision and recall (if you&#8217;re willing to watch the violations and and invest in improving your monitoring).</p>
<p>Using our crime model &#8211; we now realize that IRM mitigates the vulnerability of &#8220;<strong>means</strong>&#8220;.   Once rights are granted, an IRM security countermeasure has finished it&#8217;s job. DLP on the other hand can be an effective countermeasure for vulnerabilities of &#8220;<strong>opportunity</strong>&#8221; and &#8220;<strong>intent</strong>&#8220;. IRM might be used for document control of management board files but not for managing passwords in biometrics system.  The management board members are senior, well-educated, highly-paid people who have everything to lose by leaking a confidential file. On the other hand, the person managing the biometrics system may be a new hire in the security department with everything to gain and nothing to lose.</p>
<p>IRM and DLP  have have their own places in the armory of security countermeasures each having  fixed costs of acquisition and variable costs of implementation and maintenance. DLP and IRM can be complementary (producing better risk mitigation when used together) but practice shows that multiple security systems often result in higher costs and lower security due to system interactions, multiple configuration issues and a state of complacency that is generated at the management level by high levels of security and risk management spending. (I bought the best that money can buy from McAfee and Oracle &#8211; I must be protected)</p>
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		<title>The financial impact of cyber threats</title>
		<link>http://www.software.co.il/2008/10/the-financial-impact-of-cyber-threats/</link>
		<comments>http://www.software.co.il/2008/10/the-financial-impact-of-cyber-threats/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Oct 2008 09:15:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Danny Lieberman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Risk Assessment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ANSI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cyber threats]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Data loss]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[GRC]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[PTA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Threat modeling]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.software.co.il/wordpress/?p=699</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Kudos to ANSI for publishing a free guide to calculating cyber risk. Better late than never &#8211; thousands of security professionals in the world use the Microsoft Threat Modeling Tool and the popular free threat modeling software PTA, to calculate risk in financial terms &#8211; not to mention the thousands of other users of risk ...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignleft" title="ANSI Cyber Risk Assessment" src="http://webstore.ansi.org/images/header/ansi_logo.gif" alt="" width="245" height="47" /></p>
<p>Kudos to ANSI for <a title="Financial impact of risk" href="http://webstore.ansi.org/cybersecurity.aspx" target="_blank">publishing a free guide to calculating cyber risk</a>.</p>
<p>Better late than never &#8211; thousands of security professionals in the world use the <a title="Secure developlment life cycle" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/threatmodeling/" target="_blank">Microsoft Threat Modeling Tool</a> and the popular free threat modeling software <a title="Free Threat modeling Software" href="http://www.software.co.il/pta" target="_blank">PTA</a>, to calculate risk in financial terms &#8211; not to mention the thousands of other users of risk calculative methods from dozens of software companies like  <a title="  Monte Carlo Simulation Software for Excel. Free trial." href="http://www.palisade.com" target="_blank">Palisade</a> and <a title="CounterMeasures™ Risk Analysis Software" href="http://www.countermeasures.com" target="_blank">Countermeasures</a>.</p>
<h3>The good news</h3>
<p>It&#8217;s important that a standards body like ANSI  endorse calculating cyber risk in dollar terms, directing their message to executives.  Any CFO will want to see a brick and mortar calculation for justifying security investment &#8211; especially in today&#8217;s market where money is scarce and cyber-threats are abundant. I can appreciate the effort that must have been involved in getting Homeland Security Standards Panel (HSSP),  the Internet Security Alliance (ISA) and dozens of industry professionals involved.</p>
<h3>The bad news</h3>
<p>The ANSI document has a number of fundamental flaws:</p>
<p>a. It doesn&#8217;t offer practical ways of building <em>a cost-effective, prioritized</em> program of security countermeasures, although it talks about the multi-dimensional nature of the threats and vulnerabilities in high-level terms:</p>
<blockquote><p><em>The key to understanding the financial risks of cyber security is to fully embrace its multi-disciplinary nature. Cyber risk is not just a “technical problem” to be solved by the company’s Chief Technology Officer. Nor is it just a “legal problem” to be handed over to the company’s Chief Legal Counsel; a “customer relationship problem” to be solved by the company’s communications director; a “compliance issue” for the regulatory guru; or a “crisis management” problem. Rather, it is all of these and more.<br />
</em></p></blockquote>
<p>b, An additional problem with the ANSI document is that it doesn&#8217;t a practical risk-calculative method for real life. In a real business the risk calculation is a complex multi-dimensional interplay between threats, vulnerabilities and security countermeasures that simply cannot be performed in a 2 dimensional Microsoft Excel.</p>
<p>c. The real failing of the ANSI method is totally ignoring that risk is caused by damage to <strong>assets.</strong> Although the document mentions  assets: physical assets, digital assets (that if stolen are really copied&#8230;) and intangible assets (such as company reputation)  &#8211; it does not acknowledge that  assets have financial value.  Any CFO worth her salt, will be able to make a reasonable judgment of corporate cyber asset asset: for example, availability of the Oracle Applications Financial reporting system at quarter-end  or intellectual property such as mechanical design files of products that the company manufactures.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s a step in the right direction, but late in coming and lacking in scope. I hope that the document will receive wide distribution &#8211; it&#8217;s well written and easy to understand -  most executives should have no problem relating to the material and adopting and adapting it to their business situation.</p>
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